This Law introduced the Court of Cassation, for the first time, to the Qatari legal system, conferring upon it overarching authority over other courts to control enforcement of the law by unifying its interpretation and the construction of its provisions, ensuring the validity of its procedures in order to follow up on the steps taken by the lower courts. Thus, achieving good application of the law and ensuring its unity in application, and emphasizing the meaning of its sovereignty and the equality of all people. The Court of Cassation can achieve this through exercising its jurisdiction to hear appeals by cassation concerning the rulings issued by the Court of Appeal in civil and commercial matters, family disputes, all personal status disputes, administrative contracts disputes, judgements issued by the Court of Appeal in felonies, Hudud (Limits), Qisas (Retribution), Diyya (blood Money). It also considers appeals against rulings issued in misdemeanors by an appellate body of the Court of First Instance, which issues its judgements through its five members. It has a technical office responsible for extracting, classifying and publishing the legal principles issued by the court once the chair of the issuing circuit reviews them.
This office is also responsible for issuing the rulings references and preparing legal research. Articles 288-303 of the Criminal Procedure Law No. 23 of 2004 set forth the cases and procedures for filing a cassation appeal against criminal rulings while Law No. 12 of 2005 sets out the cases and procedures to file a cassation appeal in non-criminal matters. The rulings issued by the Court of Cassation are final and may not be appealed in any way by any authority.​​​​​​